codeprobe-code-smells

Standalone Mode

If invoked directly (not via the orchestrator), you must first:

1. Read ../codeprobe/shared-preamble.md (resolve relative to this SKILL.md's location — the sibling codeprobe skill directory — not the user's project) for the output contract, execution modes, and constraints.
2. Load applicable reference files from ../codeprobe/references/ (same resolution) based on the project's tech stack.
3. Default to full mode unless the user specifies otherwise.

Code Smells & Anti-Pattern Detector

Domain Scope

This sub-skill detects code smells and anti-patterns organized into these categories:

1. Bloaters — Long Method, Large Class, Data Clumps, Primitive Obsession
2. Object-Orientation Abusers — Feature Envy, Inappropriate Intimacy, Refused Bequest
3. Change Preventers — Shotgun Surgery, Divergent Change
4. Dispensables — Dead Code, Speculative Generality, Middle Man
5. Couplers — Temporal Coupling
6. Readability — Magic Numbers, Boolean Blindness, Deep Nesting

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What It Does NOT Flag

• Generated code — Migrations, compiled output, vendor directories (vendor/, node_modules/, dist/, build/, .next/), and auto-generated files (e.g., GraphQL codegen, Prisma client).
• Test files with long setup methods — Test context is different; long setUp() or beforeEach() methods arranging test data are expected and acceptable.
• Configuration files with many entries — A config file with 50 key-value pairs is not a "Large Class" smell.
• Data migration files — These are procedural by nature and often contain long methods.
• Third-party code checked into the repository (e.g., vendored libraries).
• Structural issues already flagged by codeprobe-solid or codeprobe-architecture — Large classes may also be flagged as SRP violations or god objects. This sub-skill should still detect and report them, but the orchestrator will deduplicate overlapping findings at the same location.

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Detection Instructions

Configurable Thresholds

Before analysis, check for a .codeprobe-config.json file in the project root. If present, load the severity_overrides section to adjust these defaults:

Threshold	Config Key	Default
Long Method LOC limit	long_method_loc	30
Large Class LOC limit	large_class_loc	300
Deep Nesting max levels	deep_nesting_max	3

Bloaters

ID Prefix	Smell	Signal	How to Detect	Default Threshold	Severity
SMELL	Long Method	Function/method exceeds LOC threshold	Count lines in each function/method body (excluding blank lines and single-line comments). Compare against long_method_loc threshold. For methods 2x over threshold, escalate to major.	> 30 LOC	Minor
SMELL	Large Class	Class exceeds LOC threshold	Count total lines in each class definition. Compare against large_class_loc threshold. For classes 2x over threshold, escalate to major (if not already major). Never escalate to critical — large classes are a maintainability concern, not a production defect.	> 300 LOC	Major
SMELL	Data Clumps	Same 3+ params passed together in 3+ places	Search for function/method signatures. Identify groups of 3+ parameters that appear together in 3+ different function signatures or call sites. These should be extracted into a parameter object or value object.	3+ params, 3+ occurrences	Minor
SMELL	Primitive Obsession	String/int used where a value object is warranted	Look for string/integer variables representing domain concepts: email addresses (validated by regex inline), money amounts (numeric + currency passed separately), phone numbers, status strings compared in multiple places, ZIP codes, UUIDs passed as plain strings through multiple layers.	Pattern recognition	Minor

Object-Orientation Abusers

ID Prefix	Smell	Signal	How to Detect	Default Threshold	Severity
SMELL	Feature Envy	Method accesses another object's data 3x+ more than its own	Count how many times a method references $other->property or other.property versus $this->property or this.property (or self.). If external references outnumber internal ones by 3x or more, the method likely belongs in the other class.	3+ external accesses	Minor
SMELL	Inappropriate Intimacy	Class accessing another's private/protected internals	Search for reflection-based access (setAccessible(true), __get, __set magic methods accessing protected fields), friend class patterns, or direct access to properties that are conventionally private (prefixed with _ in Python/JS).	Any occurrence	Major
SMELL	Refused Bequest	Subclass inherits but doesn't use most of parent's methods	Examine subclasses: if the parent has N public methods and the subclass overrides fewer than 30% of them while also not calling super/parent:: for most, this suggests the subclass doesn't truly need the inheritance relationship.	Unused majority of parent methods	Minor

Change Preventers

ID Prefix	Smell	Signal	How to Detect	Default Threshold	Severity
SMELL	Shotgun Surgery	Changing one concept requires edits in 5+ files	Search for a single concept (e.g., a field name, a status value, a business rule) that appears across many files. If the same constant, column name, or business term appears in 5+ files without being centralized behind a single source of truth, flag it.	5+ files for one concept	Major
SMELL	Divergent Change	One class modified for 3+ unrelated reasons	Examine large classes (> 200 LOC). Check whether the methods cluster around distinct, unrelated concerns. If a single class handles user authentication, email formatting, AND report generation, it has divergent change — any of those 3 areas changing forces this class to change.	3+ distinct concerns	Major

Dispensables

ID Prefix	Smell	Signal	How to Detect	Default Threshold	Severity
SMELL	Dead Code	Unreachable branches, unused imports, commented-out code blocks	Search for: (1) import/use/require statements for symbols never referenced elsewhere in the file, (2) commented-out code blocks (3+ consecutive commented lines that contain code syntax, not documentation), (3) functions/methods never called from anywhere in the codebase (use Grep across the project), (4) if (false) or if (0) blocks, unreachable code after unconditional return/throw/exit.	Any occurrence	Minor
SMELL	Speculative Generality	Abstractions/interfaces with only one implementation and no foreseeable second	Search for interfaces, abstract classes, or generic type parameters that have exactly one concrete implementation. If the abstraction does not appear in a DI container config or test mock, and the domain doesn't suggest future variants, flag it as premature abstraction.	Single implementation	Suggestion
SMELL	Middle Man	Class that only delegates to another class with no added logic	Look for classes where every method simply calls the same method on an injected dependency and returns the result, with no added logic, validation, transformation, or error handling. The class adds an unnecessary indirection layer.	Pure delegation in all methods	Minor

Couplers

ID Prefix	Smell	Signal	How to Detect	Default Threshold	Severity
SMELL	Temporal Coupling	Methods must be called in specific order but nothing enforces it	Look for patterns where: (1) method A must be called before method B but there's no compile-time or runtime check, (2) init()/setup() must be called before process() but the class allows process() to be called first, (3) sequential method calls with shared mutable state where reordering would cause bugs. Check for comments like "must call X first" or "call after Y".	Implicit ordering dependency	Major

Readability

ID Prefix	Smell	Signal	How to Detect	Default Threshold	Severity
SMELL	Magic Numbers	Hardcoded numeric/string literals without named constants in business logic	Search for numeric literals (other than 0, 1, -1) and string literals used in conditionals, calculations, or business logic. Flag values like 86400, 3.14159, "pending", 0.15 that appear in logic paths without a named constant. Exclude: array indices, loop bounds of 0/1, common math constants in math libraries.	Any in logic paths	Minor
SMELL	Boolean Blindness	Method with 2+ boolean params	Search for function/method signatures with 2 or more bool/boolean parameters. Call sites like process(true, false, true) are unreadable. Suggest using named parameters, enums, or option objects instead.	2+ boolean parameters	Minor
SMELL	Deep Nesting	Indentation levels exceed threshold	Count nesting depth in each function: each if, for, while, foreach, switch, try, match that is nested inside another adds a level. Flag when nesting exceeds deep_nesting_max threshold. Suggest early returns, guard clauses, or method extraction.	> 3 levels	Minor

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ID Prefix & Fix Prompt Examples

All findings use the SMELL- prefix, numbered sequentially: SMELL-001, SMELL-002, etc.

Fix Prompt Examples

• "Extract lines 45-90 of UserService@register into a private method validateAndNormalizeInput() — the method is 120 LOC doing 3 unrelated things: input validation (lines 45-65), data normalization (lines 66-80), and persistence (lines 81-90). Keep persistence in register() and extract the other two concerns."
• "Replace the magic number 86400 at line 55 of app/Services/CacheService.php with a named constant SECONDS_PER_DAY = 86400 defined at the top of the class."
• "Refactor processOrder(bool $isExpress, bool $requiresSignature, bool $isFragile) in OrderProcessor.php (line 30) to accept a ShippingOptions value object instead of 3 boolean parameters. Create a ShippingOptions class with named properties."
• "Remove the commented-out code block at lines 88-105 of PaymentGateway.php — this is dead code from a previous implementation. If needed later, it can be recovered from version control."
• "In ReportGenerator.php, the generate() method at line 20 is 95 LOC. Extract the data-fetching logic (lines 25-50) into fetchReportData() and the formatting logic (lines 51-85) into formatReport(). The generate() method should orchestrate these two steps."