multinetwork

Multi-Network Midnight Skill

This skill covers building a Midnight DApp that works across all four network targets from a single codebase. The key insight: networks differ in three ways — endpoints, proof server (local Docker vs ProofStation), and DUST flow (manual registration vs sponsored). Everything else is identical.

Primary references:

• github.com/midnightntwrk/midnight-local-dev — official local Docker stack + funding CLI
• github.com/midnightntwrk/example-counter — official reference DApp (standalone + preprod modes)

---

1) The Four Networks at a Glance

Network	networkId	Use for	Proof server	DUST flow
undeployed	'undeployed'	Local dev, CI	Local Docker :6300	Manual registration (genesis wallet seeds funded)
preview	'preview'	Active development on testnet	1AM ProofStation (api-preview.1am.xyz)	Sponsored — user pays 0 fees
preprod	'preprod'	Pre-release / integration testing	Local Docker :6300 OR ProofStation	Manual registration (faucet → NIGHT → DUST)
mainnet	'mainnet'	Production	1AM ProofStation (api.1am.xyz)	Sponsored — user pays 0 fees

Critical distinction: On preview and mainnet, the 1AM wallet sponsors all fees via ProofStation — users need zero NIGHT or DUST. On undeployed and preprod, you must run your own proof server and manually register NIGHT UTXOs for DUST generation before transactions work.

---

2) Local Docker Stack (undeployed)

Running the undeployed network locally requires three Docker containers: a Midnight node, an indexer, and a proof server. You cannot just run the proof server — you need all three.

Option A: Use midnight-local-dev (recommended)

The official tool at github.com/midnightntwrk/midnight-local-dev manages the full stack and handles genesis wallet funding:

git clone https://github.com/midnightntwrk/midnight-local-dev
cd midnight-local-dev
npm install
npm start

npm start will:

1. Detect if containers are already running (prompts to reuse or restart)
2. Pull and start all three containers via Docker Compose
3. Initialize the genesis master wallet (seed 0x00...01) and register its DUST
4. Present a funding menu to transfer NIGHT and register DUST for your test accounts

Once running, connect your DApp to:

networkId:  undeployed
indexer:    http://localhost:8088/api/v3/graphql
indexerWS:  ws://localhost:8088/api/v3/graphql/ws
node:       http://localhost:9944
proofServer: http://localhost:6300

Note: The local indexer uses /api/v3/graphql (not v4 like testnet). Use the correct path.

Option B: Docker Compose directly (no funding CLI)

# From midnight-local-dev repo root:
docker compose -f standalone.yml up -d

# Check all three services are healthy
docker compose -f standalone.yml ps

# View logs
docker compose -f standalone.yml logs -f

# Tear down
docker compose -f standalone.yml down

In this mode, you manage genesis wallet initialization and DUST registration yourself.

Docker Image Versions (as of 2026)

Service	Image	Version
Node	midnightntwrk/midnight-node	0.21.0
Indexer	midnightntwrk/indexer-standalone	3.1.0
Proof Server	midnightntwrk/proof-server	7.0.0

Lace wallet on undeployed

The Lace browser wallet auto-connects to the local stack when you select "Undeployed" in its network settings — it hardcodes localhost:9944, localhost:8088, and localhost:6300. No custom endpoint config needed.

Funding test accounts locally

# Option 1: Fund from a JSON file (gets NIGHT + DUST registered)
# accounts.json: { "accounts": [{ "name": "Alice", "mnemonic": "..." }] }
# (max 10 accounts, 50,000 NIGHT each)

# Option 2: Fund by Bech32 address (NIGHT only — DUST not registered)
# Use when you have a Lace address or DApp-generated address

Genesis master wallet seed: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001

---

3) Network Configuration

// src/config/networks.ts
import { setNetworkId } from '@midnight-ntwrk/midnight-js-network-id';

export type NetworkId = 'undeployed' | 'preview' | 'preprod' | 'mainnet';

// 'sponsored' = 1AM ProofStation pays fees (preview, mainnet)
// 'manual'    = you run a proof server, user registers NIGHT→DUST (undeployed, preprod)
export type DustMode = 'sponsored' | 'manual';

export interface NetworkConfig {
  networkId: NetworkId;
  indexerHttp: string;
  indexerWs: string;
  rpc: string;
  proofServerUrl: string;
  dustMode: DustMode;
  faucetUrl?: string;
}

export const NETWORKS: Record<NetworkId, NetworkConfig> = {
  undeployed: {
    networkId: 'undeployed',
    indexerHttp: 'http://localhost:8088/api/v3/graphql',  // NOTE: v3, not v4
    indexerWs:   'ws://localhost:8088/api/v3/graphql/ws',
    rpc:         'ws://localhost:9944',
    proofServerUrl: 'http://127.0.0.1:6300',
    dustMode: 'manual',
  },
  preview: {
    networkId: 'preview',
    indexerHttp: 'https://indexer.preview.midnight.network/api/v4/graphql',
    indexerWs:   'wss://indexer.preview.midnight.network/api/v4/graphql/ws',
    rpc:         'wss://rpc.preview.midnight.network',
    proofServerUrl: 'https://api-preview.1am.xyz',  // 1AM ProofStation
    dustMode: 'sponsored',
  },
  preprod: {
    networkId: 'preprod',
    indexerHttp: 'https://indexer.preprod.midnight.network/api/v4/graphql',
    indexerWs:   'wss://indexer.preprod.midnight.network/api/v4/graphql/ws',
    rpc:         'https://rpc.preprod.midnight.network',
    proofServerUrl: 'http://127.0.0.1:6300',  // local proof server (run via Docker)
    dustMode: 'manual',
    faucetUrl: 'https://faucet.preprod.midnight.network',
  },
  mainnet: {
    networkId: 'mainnet',
    indexerHttp: 'https://indexer.mainnet.midnight.network/api/v4/graphql',
    indexerWs:   'wss://indexer.mainnet.midnight.network/api/v4/graphql/ws',
    rpc:         'https://rpc.mainnet.midnight.network',
    proofServerUrl: 'https://api.1am.xyz',  // 1AM ProofStation
    dustMode: 'sponsored',
  },
};

export function getActiveNetwork(): NetworkConfig {
  const id = (
    process.env.NETWORK ||
    process.env.VITE_NETWORK ||
    'undeployed'
  ) as NetworkId;
  const config = NETWORKS[id];
  if (!config) throw new Error(`Unknown network: "${id}". Valid: ${Object.keys(NETWORKS).join(', ')}`);
  return config;
}

// Call this once at startup before any SDK operations
export function applyNetworkId(config: NetworkConfig) {
  setNetworkId(config.networkId);
}

---

4) Unified Provider Builder

// src/config/providers.ts
import { indexerPublicDataProvider } from '@midnight-ntwrk/midnight-js-indexer-public-data-provider';
import type { NetworkConfig } from './networks';

// ── ZK Config Provider ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

// Node.js: load ZK assets from filesystem
export function makeNodeZkConfigProvider(zkConfigPath: string) {
  const { NodeZkConfigProvider } = require('@midnight-ntwrk/midnight-js-node-zk-config-provider');
  const path = require('path');
  return new NodeZkConfigProvider(path.resolve(zkConfigPath));
}

// Browser: load ZK assets via fetch from CDN or public/
export function makeFetchZkConfigProvider(zkAssetBasePath: string) {
  const { FetchZkConfigProvider } = require('@midnight-ntwrk/midnight-js-fetch-zk-config-provider');
  return new FetchZkConfigProvider(
    new URL(zkAssetBasePath, window.location.origin).toString(),
    window.fetch.bind(window),
  );
}

// ── Proof Provider ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

// Node.js / self-hosted: points at local Docker proof server or ProofStation URL
// For ProofStation (preview/mainnet headless), pass the 1AM endpoint + API key
export function makeHttpProofProvider(proofServerUrl: string, zkConfigProvider: any) {
  const { httpClientProofProvider } = require('@midnight-ntwrk/midnight-js-http-client-proof-provider');
  return httpClientProofProvider(new URL(proofServerUrl), zkConfigProvider);
}

// Browser + 1AM wallet: proving handled by the wallet extension (no proof server needed)
export function make1AMProofProvider(provingProvider: any) {
  const { createProofProvider } = require('@midnight-ntwrk/midnight-js-types');
  return createProofProvider(provingProvider);
}

// ── Public Data Provider ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────

export function makePublicDataProvider(network: NetworkConfig) {
  return indexerPublicDataProvider(network.indexerHttp, network.indexerWs);
}

// ── Private State Provider ───────────────────────────────────────────────────

// Node.js: persistent LevelDB store (survives restarts)
export function makeLevelPrivateStateProvider(storeName: string, walletProvider: any) {
  const { levelPrivateStateProvider } = require('@midnight-ntwrk/midnight-js-level-private-state-provider');
  return levelPrivateStateProvider({ privateStateStoreName: storeName, walletProvider });
}

// Browser: in-memory (lost on page refresh — acceptable for browser DApps)
export function makeInMemoryPrivateStateProvider() {
  let scope = '';
  const stateStore = new Map<string, unknown>();
  const signingKeyStore = new Map<string, unknown>();
  const key = (id: string) => `${scope}:${id}`;
  return {
    setContractAddress(address: string) { scope = address; },
    async set(id: string, state: unknown) { stateStore.set(key(id), state); },
    async get(id: string) { return stateStore.get(key(id)) ?? null; },
    async remove(id: string) { stateStore.delete(key(id)); },
    async clear() { stateStore.clear(); },
    async setSigningKey(addr: string, k: unknown) { signingKeyStore.set(addr, k); },
    async getSigningKey(addr: string) { return signingKeyStore.get(addr) ?? null; },
    async removeSigningKey(addr: string) { signingKeyStore.delete(addr); },
    async clearSigningKeys() { signingKeyStore.clear(); },
    async exportPrivateStates(): Promise<never> { throw new Error('Not implemented'); },
    async importPrivateStates(): Promise<never> { throw new Error('Not implemented'); },
    async exportSigningKeys(): Promise<never> { throw new Error('Not implemented'); },
    async importSigningKeys(): Promise<never> { throw new Error('Not implemented'); },
  };
}

---

5) WalletProvider & MidnightProvider (Node.js headless, all networks)

This bridge is identical across all networks. The signTransactionIntents workaround is required on all networks — it's a wallet SDK bug, not network-specific.

// src/config/wallet-provider.ts
import * as Rx from 'rxjs';
import * as ledger from '@midnight-ntwrk/ledger-v8';
import type { WalletProvider, MidnightProvider } from '@midnight-ntwrk/midnight-js-types';

/**
 * Workaround for wallet SDK bug: signRecipe hardcodes 'pre-proof' marker,
 * but proven (UnboundTransaction) intents contain 'proof' data → "Failed to clone intent".
 * Call with proofMarker='proof' for baseTransaction, 'pre-proof' for balancingTransaction.
 */
function signTransactionIntents(
  tx: { intents?: Map<number, any> },
  signFn: (payload: Uint8Array) => ledger.Signature,
  proofMarker: 'proof' | 'pre-proof',
): void {
  if (!tx.intents || tx.intents.size === 0) return;

  for (const segment of tx.intents.keys()) {
    const intent = tx.intents.get(segment);
    if (!intent) continue;

    const cloned = ledger.Intent.deserialize<
      ledger.SignatureEnabled, ledger.Proofish, ledger.PreBinding
    >('signature', proofMarker, 'pre-binding', intent.serialize());

    const signature = signFn(cloned.signatureData(segment));

    if (cloned.fallibleUnshieldedOffer) {
      const sigs = cloned.fallibleUnshieldedOffer.inputs.map(
        (_: ledger.UtxoSpend, i: number) =>
          cloned.fallibleUnshieldedOffer!.signatures.at(i) ?? signature,
      );
      cloned.fallibleUnshieldedOffer = cloned.fallibleUnshieldedOffer.addSignatures(sigs);
    }
    if (cloned.guaranteedUnshieldedOffer) {
      const sigs = cloned.guaranteedUnshieldedOffer.inputs.map(
        (_: ledger.UtxoSpend, i: number) =>
          cloned.guaranteedUnshieldedOffer!.signatures.at(i) ?? signature,
      );
      cloned.guaranteedUnshieldedOffer = cloned.guaranteedUnshieldedOffer.addSignatures(sigs);
    }

    tx.intents.set(segment, cloned);
  }
}

export async function makeWalletAndMidnightProvider(
  walletFacade: any,
  shieldedSecretKeys: ledger.ZswapSecretKeys,
  dustSecretKey: ledger.DustSecretKey,
  unshieldedKeystore: any,
): Promise<WalletProvider & MidnightProvider> {
  // state() is an Observable — must subscribe, not access as property
  const state = await Rx.firstValueFrom(
    walletFacade.state().pipe(Rx.filter((s: any) => s.isSynced)),
  );

  const signFn = (payload: Uint8Array) => unshieldedKeystore.signData(payload);

  return {
    getCoinPublicKey() {
      return state.shielded.coinPublicKey.toHexString();
    },
    getEncryptionPublicKey() {
      return state.shielded.encryptionPublicKey.toHexString();
    },
    async balanceTx(tx: any, ttl?: Date) {
      const recipe = await walletFacade.balanceUnboundTransaction(
        tx,
        { shieldedSecretKeys, dustSecretKey },
        { ttl: ttl ?? new Date(Date.now() + 30 * 60 * 1000) },
      );

      // Apply signTransactionIntents workaround on both tx parts
      signTransactionIntents(recipe.baseTransaction, signFn, 'proof');
      if (recipe.balancingTransaction) {
        signTransactionIntents(recipe.balancingTransaction, signFn, 'pre-proof');
      }

      return walletFacade.finalizeRecipe(recipe);
    },
    async submitTx(tx: any) {
      return walletFacade.submitTransaction(tx) as any;
    },
  };
}

---

6) DUST Flow Per Network

undeployed  →  manual:  register NIGHT UTXOs → wait for DUST to accrue
preview     →  sponsored: 1AM ProofStation pays all fees → user needs nothing
preprod     →  manual:  faucet NIGHT → register UTXOs → wait for DUST
mainnet     →  sponsored: 1AM ProofStation pays all fees → user needs nothing

// src/config/dust.ts
import * as Rx from 'rxjs';
import type { NetworkConfig } from './networks';

export async function ensureDust(
  walletFacade: any,
  unshieldedKeystore: any,
  network: NetworkConfig,
): Promise<void> {
  // sponsored networks: 1AM pays fees — nothing to do
  if (network.dustMode === 'sponsored') return;

  const state = await Rx.firstValueFrom(
    walletFacade.state().pipe(Rx.filter((s: any) => s.isSynced)),
  );

  // already have DUST
  if (state.dust.availableCoins.length > 0) return;

  // find NIGHT UTXOs not yet registered for DUST generation
  const unregistered = state.unshielded.availableCoins.filter(
    (coin: any) => coin.meta?.registeredForDustGeneration !== true,
  );

  if (unregistered.length === 0) {
    // all UTXOs registered — just wait for DUST to accrue
    console.log('Waiting for DUST to generate (all UTXOs already registered)...');
  } else {
    // submit registration tx
    console.log(`Registering ${unregistered.length} NIGHT UTXO(s) for DUST generation...`);
    const recipe = await walletFacade.registerNightUtxosForDustGeneration(
      unregistered,
      unshieldedKeystore.getPublicKey(),
      (payload: Uint8Array) => unshieldedKeystore.signData(payload),
    );
    const finalized = await walletFacade.finalizeRecipe(recipe);
    await walletFacade.submitTransaction(finalized);
  }

  // wait for DUST balance > 0 (can take a few minutes on preprod)
  await Rx.firstValueFrom(
    walletFacade.state().pipe(
      Rx.throttleTime(5_000),
      Rx.filter((s: any) => s.isSynced),
      Rx.filter((s: any) => s.dust.walletBalance(new Date()) > 0n),
    ),
  );

  console.log('DUST available.');
}

---

7) Wallet Initialization (Node.js, all networks)

// src/config/wallet.ts
import * as Rx from 'rxjs';
import * as ledger from '@midnight-ntwrk/ledger-v8';
import { HDWallet, generateRandomSeed, Roles } from '@midnight-ntwrk/wallet-sdk-hd';
import { ShieldedWallet } from '@midnight-ntwrk/wallet-sdk-shielded';
import {
  UnshieldedWallet, createKeystore, PublicKey,
  InMemoryTransactionHistoryStorage,
} from '@midnight-ntwrk/wallet-sdk-unshielded-wallet';
import { DustWallet } from '@midnight-ntwrk/wallet-sdk-dust-wallet';
import { WalletFacade } from '@midnight-ntwrk/wallet-sdk-facade';
import { WebSocket } from 'ws';
import { Buffer } from 'buffer';
import { applyNetworkId, type NetworkConfig } from './networks';
import { ensureDust } from './dust';
import { makeWalletAndMidnightProvider } from './wallet-provider';

// Required: set WebSocket global before any wallet SDK imports
globalThis.WebSocket = WebSocket as unknown as typeof globalThis.WebSocket;

export async function buildHeadlessWallet(network: NetworkConfig, seedHex?: string) {
  applyNetworkId(network);

  const seed = seedHex
    ? Buffer.from(seedHex, 'hex')
    : Buffer.from(generateRandomSeed());

  const hdWallet = HDWallet.fromSeed(seed);
  if (hdWallet.type !== 'seedOk') throw new Error('Invalid wallet seed');

  const derivationResult = hdWallet.hdWallet
    .selectAccount(0)
    .selectRoles([Roles.Zswap, Roles.NightExternal, Roles.Dust])
    .deriveKeysAt(0);

  if (derivationResult.type !== 'keysDerived') throw new Error('Key derivation failed');
  hdWallet.hdWallet.clear(); // wipe secret material from memory

  const keys = derivationResult.keys;
  const shieldedSecretKeys = ledger.ZswapSecretKeys.fromSeed(keys[Roles.Zswap]);
  const dustSecretKey = ledger.DustSecretKey.fromSeed(keys[Roles.Dust]);
  const unshieldedKeystore = createKeystore(keys[Roles.NightExternal], network.networkId);

  // relayURL must be WebSocket — convert http→ws, https→wss
  const relayURL = new URL(network.rpc.replace(/^https/, 'wss').replace(/^http(?!s)/, 'ws'));

  const shieldedWallet = ShieldedWallet({
    networkId: network.networkId,
    indexerClientConnection: { indexerHttpUrl: network.indexerHttp, indexerWsUrl: network.indexerWs },
    provingServerUrl: new URL(network.proofServerUrl),
    relayURL,
  }).startWithSecretKeys(shieldedSecretKeys);

  const unshieldedWallet = UnshieldedWallet({
    networkId: network.networkId,
    indexerClientConnection: { indexerHttpUrl: network.indexerHttp, indexerWsUrl: network.indexerWs },
    txHistoryStorage: new InMemoryTransactionHistoryStorage(),
  }).startWithPublicKey(PublicKey.fromKeyStore(unshieldedKeystore));

  const dustWallet = DustWallet({
    networkId: network.networkId,
    costParameters: {
      additionalFeeOverhead: 300_000_000_000_000n,
      feeBlocksMargin: 5,
    },
    indexerClientConnection: { indexerHttpUrl: network.indexerHttp, indexerWsUrl: network.indexerWs },
    provingServerUrl: new URL(network.proofServerUrl),
    relayURL,
  }).startWithSecretKey(dustSecretKey, ledger.LedgerParameters.initialParameters().dust);

  const walletFacade = new WalletFacade(shieldedWallet, unshieldedWallet, dustWallet);
  await walletFacade.start(shieldedSecretKeys, dustSecretKey);

  // Wait for sync
  await Rx.firstValueFrom(
    walletFacade.state().pipe(
      Rx.throttleTime(5_000),
      Rx.filter((s: any) => s.isSynced),
    ),
  );

  // Handle DUST based on network's dustMode
  await ensureDust(walletFacade, unshieldedKeystore, network);

  const walletProvider = await makeWalletAndMidnightProvider(
    walletFacade, shieldedSecretKeys, dustSecretKey, unshieldedKeystore,
  );

  return {
    walletFacade,
    shieldedSecretKeys,
    dustSecretKey,
    unshieldedKeystore,
    walletProvider,
    seedHex: Buffer.from(seed).toString('hex'),
    unshieldedAddress: unshieldedKeystore.getBech32Address(),
  };
}

---

8) Full Provider Assembly

// src/config/providers-full.ts
import type { NetworkConfig } from './networks';
import {
  makeNodeZkConfigProvider, makeFetchZkConfigProvider,
  makeHttpProofProvider, make1AMProofProvider,
  makePublicDataProvider,
  makeLevelPrivateStateProvider, makeInMemoryPrivateStateProvider,
} from './providers';

export async function assembleProviders(
  network: NetworkConfig,
  zkConfigPath: string, // filesystem path (Node.js) or URL path (browser)
  walletContext: {
    walletProvider: any;
    midnightProvider?: any;
  },
  privateStateStoreName: string,
  proofProviderOverride?: any, // pass 1AM provingProvider for browser
) {
  const isBrowser = typeof window !== 'undefined';

  const zkConfigProvider = isBrowser
    ? makeFetchZkConfigProvider(zkConfigPath)
    : makeNodeZkConfigProvider(zkConfigPath);

  const proofProvider = proofProviderOverride
    ? make1AMProofProvider(proofProviderOverride)           // browser + 1AM
    : makeHttpProofProvider(network.proofServerUrl, zkConfigProvider); // Node.js

  const privateStateProvider = isBrowser
    ? makeInMemoryPrivateStateProvider()
    : makeLevelPrivateStateProvider(privateStateStoreName, walletContext.walletProvider);

  return {
    zkConfigProvider,
    publicDataProvider: makePublicDataProvider(network),
    proofProvider,
    privateStateProvider,
    walletProvider: walletContext.walletProvider,
    midnightProvider: walletContext.midnightProvider ?? walletContext.walletProvider,
  };
}

---

9) Contract Registry

// src/config/registry.ts

// { contractName: { networkId: contractAddress } }
export type ContractRegistry = Record<string, Partial<Record<string, string>>>;

export const registry: ContractRegistry = {
  counter: {
    undeployed: '',      // fill after local deploy
    preview:    '',      // fill after preview deploy
    preprod:    '09dbe05f...',
    mainnet:    '',
  },
};

export function resolveAddress(
  contractName: string,
  networkId: string,
): string {
  const addr = registry[contractName]?.[networkId];
  if (!addr) throw new Error(
    `No address for contract "${contractName}" on network "${networkId}". Deploy first.`,
  );
  return addr;
}

export function saveAddress(contractName: string, networkId: string, address: string): void {
  if (!registry[contractName]) registry[contractName] = {};
  registry[contractName][networkId] = address;
  // In a real app, persist this to a JSON file or env variable
}

---

10) npm Scripts

{
  "scripts": {
    "dev":              "VITE_NETWORK=undeployed vite",
    "dev:preview":      "VITE_NETWORK=preview vite",
    "dev:preprod":      "VITE_NETWORK=preprod vite",

    "deploy:local":     "NETWORK=undeployed npx tsx scripts/deploy.ts",
    "deploy:preview":   "NETWORK=preview npx tsx scripts/deploy.ts",
    "deploy:preprod":   "NETWORK=preprod npx tsx scripts/deploy.ts",
    "deploy:mainnet":   "NETWORK=mainnet npx tsx scripts/deploy.ts",

    "local:start":      "docker compose -f standalone.yml up -d",
    "local:stop":       "docker compose -f standalone.yml down",
    "local:logs":       "docker compose -f standalone.yml logs -f",
    "local:proof":      "docker run -d -p 6300:6300 midnightntwrk/proof-server:latest midnight-proof-server -v",

    "preprod:proof":    "docker compose -f proof-server.yml up"
  }
}

---

11) Vite Config

// vite.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from 'vite';
import wasm from 'vite-plugin-wasm';
import topLevelAwait from 'vite-plugin-top-level-await';

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [wasm(), topLevelAwait()],
  build: {
    target: 'esnext',
  },
  server: {            // proxy lives inside 'server', not at the top level
    allowedHosts: true,
    proxy: process.env.VITE_NETWORK === 'undeployed' ? {
      '/api': {
        target: 'http://localhost:8088',
        changeOrigin: true,
      },
    } : undefined,
  },
});

---

12) Common Pitfalls

undeployed indexer uses /api/v3/graphql, not /api/v4/ — the local Docker indexer ships with v3. Using v4 will 404. All live networks (preview, preprod, mainnet) use v4.

Three containers required for local dev, not just the proof server — the node and indexer must also be running. Use midnight-local-dev or docker compose -f standalone.yml up.

walletFacade.state is a method, not a property — walletFacade.state() returns an Observable. Always use Rx.firstValueFrom(walletFacade.state().pipe(...)) to read it. Accessing .state directly returns the function, not the state.

relayURL must be WebSocket — convert https:// → wss://, http:// → ws://. The wallet SDK rejects non-WS relay URLs silently or with a confusing error.

globalThis.WebSocket = WebSocket must be at the top of the entry file — before any @midnight-ntwrk/wallet-sdk-* imports. GraphQL subscriptions (wallet sync) will silently fail without it in Node.js.

signTransactionIntents workaround required on all networks — this is a wallet SDK bug, not environment-specific. Without it, balanceTx throws "Failed to clone intent" on headless wallets.

DUST locked after a failed deploy — restart the DApp to release locked DUST coins. Affects undeployed and preprod only; sponsored networks aren't affected.

ProofStation API key for direct headless preprod access — if calling api-preprod.1am.xyz directly (not via browser 1AM extension), you need X-API-Key: pk_live_xxx in headers. The httpClientProofProvider does not add this automatically — you'd need to wrap or fork it.

Old contract addresses after recompile — verifier keys change with every Compact contract change. Update the registry and redeploy for the affected network. Addresses from other networks are unaffected.

setNetworkId called after SDK operations — call it before building any providers or wallets. Use applyNetworkId(network) at the very top of your setup flow.

Wallet seed in browser build — never pass WALLET_SEED to Vite's env (it exposes it in the bundle). Headless wallet is Node.js only. Browser always uses the 1AM extension.